Jacob Van Artevelde was born in Ghent of a wealthy commercial family. He married twice and amassed a fortune in the weaving industry. He rose to prominence during the early stages of the Hundred Years' War. Fearful that hostilities between France and England would hurt the prosperity of Ghent, he entered political life in 1337. He set up an alliance with Bruges and Ypres (later the Four Members) in order to show neutrality. Van Artevelde gained control of the insurrection against Louis I, the Count of Flanders who had abandoned his father's anti-French policies. Louis I was forced to flee to France, while van Artevelde served as captain general of Ghent from that time until his death. During a riot on July 24, 1345, Jacob van Artevelde was murdered with an axe by the weaver Thomas Denijs in the courtyard of his house on Kalandeberg, as he was returning from negotiations with the English king in Sluis. The most likely explanation for the murder lies in the notorious intolerance of the people of Ghent and the conflict between weavers and fullers.

